6 sigma: Risk of concluding that two characteristics are the same when they are actually different.

ISO 3534-2:200: difference between the expectation of the test results and a true value

Note 1 to entry: Bias is the total systematic error as contrasted to random error. There can be one or more systematic error components contributing to the bias. A larger systematic difference from the accepted reference value is reflected by a larger bias value.

Note 2 to entry: The bias of a measuring instrument is normally estimated by averaging the error of indication over an appropriate number of repeated measurements. The error of indication is the ‘’indication of a measuring instrument minus a true value of corresponding input quantity’’.

Note 3 to entry: In practice, the accepted reference value is substituted for the true value.

La boîte à moustache est un diagramme résumant quelques caractéristiques de position d'un jeu de données: la médiane, les quartiles, le minimum, le maximum…). Il est utilisé principalement pour comparer un même facteur dans deux jeux de données différentstest