Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) is a technique used to break down a noise or vibration problem into its key contributors. These contributors are identified using source loads and transfer functions to the response at a target location.

To understand the response at the target, the following are used:

• Source: Characterized by forces, the source creates the input loads into the system.
• Transfer: Transfer functions (Frequency Response Functions) characterize how noise and vibration is transferred from the source to the target location.
• Target: Location where an unwanted vibration or noise is perceived. The examples in this article use sound pressure at a target location, but the technique is equally applicable to vibration.

Transfer Path Analysis can be used with physical measurements, simulation data, or a combination of the two.

Useful link:  https://community.sw.siemens.com/s/article/an-introduction-to-transfer-path-analysis