Summary
An expression is composed of an aggregation (Sum, Count, Avg, Min, Max, ..) and a field → example: Sum(Sales) means the sum of the sales.
It's possible to add optional elements: Identifiers and Modifiers. (Documentation: Identifiers documentation - Modifiers documentation)
The syntax for the optional elements is: {identifiers<modifiers>} → example: Sum({$<Year={2018}>}Sales) means the sum of the sales 2018 for the current selection.
Several examples of use